There are
3 distinct Rastafarian orders/sects, with different beliefs and
symbols. These groups however, agree on two common principles;
the exalted status of Haile Selassie I and the rejection of white
Eurocentric images of divinity.
Bobo Shanti
The word Bobo Shanti is derived from Bobo, which stands for Black
and Ashanti, which is the fierce African tribe from Kumasi, Ghana.
It is believed that most of the slaves brought to Jamaica were
from the Ashanti tribe and are the ancestors of many Jamaicans.
The late Prince Emanuel Charles Edwards founded the Bobo Shanti
order in Jamaica in the 1950's. The new he Bobo Shanti order leader
is Trevor Stewart. The Bobo Shanti use Revelations 5 to justify
Prince Emmanuel as the re-incarnate of the Christ. He is regarded
as the reincarnate Black Christ in a priestly state. He is called
by most members of the Bobo Shanti as Prince Emmanuel Charles
Edwards, without Mother or Father, a Priest of Melchezidek, the
Black Christ in the Flesh. He, along with his descendants and
Haile Selassie are seen as Gods. Marcus Garvey is regarded as
a prophet. The Bobo Shanti believe in Black supremacy and that
there should be repatriation of all black people to Africa. In
addition the Bobo Shanti order also believe that black people
should be reimbursed monetarily for slavery.
The members of the Bobo Shanti "house"
are sometimes called Bobo Dreads. Members of this order dress
very differently from all the other orders. They wear long robes
and very tightly wrapped turbans. They also live separate from
society and the other Rastafarian orders in their current base
in the Nine Miles area of Bull Bay, Jamaica. They function similarly
to the Accompong
Maroons, even though it is not official, like an independent
nation within Jamaica with their own constitution. They do not
accept the values and lifestyle of the general Jamaican society.
Their lifestyle closely emulates those of the Old Testament Jewish
Mosaic Law, which includes the observation of the Sabbath from
sundown on Friday to sundown on Saturday, hygiene laws for menstruating
women and special greetings amongst themselves. No work is allowed
during the Sabbath and the consumption of salt and oil is avoided.
The Bobo Shanti are a self-sufficient group
that make and sell straw hats and brooms to support the community
and grow their own produce. The members of this order do not smoke
marijuana in public as it is only reserved for worship among members.
Nyahbinghi Order/Theocratic Priesthood
and Livity Order of Nyabinghi
The Nyahbinghi order is the oldest of all Rastafarian orders.
The name Nyahbinghi is derived from Queen Nyahbinghi who ruled
Uganda in the 19th Century. She fought against the colonialists
in Uganda.
All other orders came from this sect. Members
of this sect focus mainly on Emperor Haile Selassie and they proclaim
that he is the incarnation of the Supreme deity.
The Nyahbinghi order pushed for their repatriation
to Ethiopia, from where they believe all black people came. Ethiopia
plays a major role in this sect and is represented in all their
symbols including their flag.
Their flag
is a little different from others as the placement of the colors
is different: Green (top), the vegetation of Ethiopia, Gold
(middle), mineral wealth of Ethiopia and Red (bottom),
the blood of Ethiopians.
Twelve Tribes
This sect was founded in 1968 by Dr. Vernon "Prophet Gad
" Carrington and is the most liberal of all the other Rastafarian
orders. The members of this sect are free to worship in a church
of their choosing or within the privacy of their house.
Members of Twelve Tribes sect consider themselves
the direct descendants of the 12 Sons of Jacob. The 12 Sons are
divided into 12 Houses which are determined by your birth month.
Each House also has a color.
| Tribe |
Month |
Color |
| Napthali |
January |
green |
| Joseph |
February |
white |
| Benjamin |
March |
black |
| Reuben |
April |
silver |
| Simeon |
May |
gold |
| Levi |
June |
purple |
| Judah |
July |
brown |
| Issachar |
August |
yellow |
| Zebulon |
September |
pink |
| Dan |
October |
blue |
| Gad |
November |
red |
| Asher |
December |
grey |